Fundamentals of Computing

ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) is a 7-bit characters code, with value from 0-127.                           -  Representing Sound:  Sounds should be converted to binary for computer to process. - Representing Image: When you have image, it is broken up into individual pixels. - Representing Number: A number in a computer system is represented by a string of bits called binary numbers. Number System - Computers use binary number system in two states - on and off. - In computing, we also use:     1. Decimal (Base 10) Number System       - Has ten symbols: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 and 9, called digits.         eg;,  735 = 700 + 30 + 5 = 7*10^2 + 3*10^1 + 5*10^0            2. Binary (Base 2) Number System       - Has two symbols: 0 and 1, called bits.         eg;.  10110...

  Data is stored in Bits 1 byte = 8 bits Bit - the smallest unit of data measurement in computer.       - it can be either 0 or 1. Pulse of 5 volts of electricity = 1bit Pulse of 0 volts of electricity = 0 1 bit - presence of light 0 bit - absence of light A "byte" is a collection of 8 bits. Functional units 1. Primary memory (main memory) - Organized into words of typically 32 bits (contains four 8-bit bytes) - Programs and their data must be in memory to be executed. 2. Cache memory (smaller and faster than main memory) - Holds sections of the program and data currently/frequently being executed. 3. Processor - Logic circuits: for performing arithmetic and logic operations on word-size data operands. - Timing and control circuits: for fetching program instructions and data from memory, one after another. - Registers (typically 16 or 36): holds one word of operand data sections of the program and data currently/frequently being executed.   Computer - Computer...

Components of computer are:           1. Input Components- common user-controlled devices such as keyboards, microphones, Webcams and scanners.                       2. Processing Components-                                 * CPU: It is the computer's main processor. It is composed of two or more processors called cores. Multiple CPU is like a person with two brains. It enables to carry out multiple instructions simultaneously. it even results in better overall performance.                     3. Output Components- The most obvious are monitors and printers. It also includes storage devices, network cards and speaker.                     4. Storage Components- More the storage, better the performances. Most stor...